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  Spatiotemporal characteristics and synchronization of extreme rainfall in South America with focus on the Andes Mountain range

Boers, N., Bookhagen, B., Marwan, N., Kurths, J. (2016): Spatiotemporal characteristics and synchronization of extreme rainfall in South America with focus on the Andes Mountain range. - Climate Dynamics, 46, 1, 601-617.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2601-6

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 Creators:
Boers, Niklas1, Author              
Bookhagen, Bodo2, Author
Marwan, Norbert1, Author              
Kurths, Jürgen1, Author              
Affiliations:
1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, ou_persistent13              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: The South American Andes are frequently exposed to intense rainfall events with varying moisture sources and precipitation-forming processes. In this study, we assess the spatiotemporal characteristics and geographical origins of rainfall over the South American continent. Using high-spatiotemporal resolution satellite data (TRMM 3B42 V7), we define four different types of rainfall events based on their (1) high magnitude, (2) long temporal extent, (3) large spatial extent, and (4) high magnitude, long temporal and large spatial extent combined. In a first step, we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of these events over the entire South American continent and integrate their impact for the main Andean hydrologic catchments. Our results indicate that events of type 1 make the overall highest contributions to total seasonal rainfall (up to 50%). However, each consecutive episode of the infrequent events of type 4 still accounts for up to 20% of total seasonal rainfall in the subtropical Argentinean plains. In a second step, we employ complex network theory to unravel possibly non-linear and long-ranged climatic linkages for these four event types on the high-elevation Altiplano-Puna Plateau as well as in the main river catchments along the foothills of the Andes. Our results suggest that one to two particularly large squall lines per season, originating from northern Brazil, indirectly trigger large, long-lasting thunderstorms on the Altiplano Plateau. In general, we observe that extreme rainfall in the catchments north of approximately 20∘S typically originates from the Amazon Basin, while extreme rainfall at the eastern Andean foothills south of 20∘S and the Puna Plateau originates from southeastern South America.

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 Dates: 2016
 Publication Status: Finally published
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1007/s00382-015-2601-6
PIKDOMAIN: Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods - Research Domain IV
eDoc: 6993
Research topic keyword: Complex Networks
Research topic keyword: Nonlinear Dynamics
Research topic keyword: Extremes
Model / method: Machine Learning
Model / method: Nonlinear Data Analysis
Regional keyword: South America
Organisational keyword: RD4 - Complexity Science
Organisational keyword: FutureLab - Artificial Intelligence in the Anthropocene
Working Group: Development of advanced time series analysis techniques
Working Group: Network- and machine-learning-based prediction of extreme events
 Degree: -

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Title: Climate Dynamics
Source Genre: Journal, SCI, Scopus, p3
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 46 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 601 - 617 Identifier: CoNE: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/cone/journals/resource/journals77