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Land-neutral negative emissions through biochar-based fertilization—assessing global potentials under varied management and pyrolysis conditions

Authors
/persons/resource/constanze.werner

Werner,  Constanze
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

/persons/resource/Wolfgang.Lucht

Lucht,  Wolfgang
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Kammann,  Claudia
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/Johanna.Braun

Braun,  Johanna
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

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29761oa.pdf
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Citation

Werner, C., Lucht, W., Kammann, C., Braun, J. (2024): Land-neutral negative emissions through biochar-based fertilization—assessing global potentials under varied management and pyrolysis conditions. - Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 29, 34.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10130-8


Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_29761
Abstract
Climate stabilization is crucial for restabilizing the Earth system but should not undermine biosphere integrity, a second pillar of Earth system functioning. This is of particular con- cern if it is to be achieved through biomass-based negative emission (NE) technologies that compete for land with food production and ecosystem protection. We assess the NE con- tribution of land- and calorie-neutral pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (LCN-PyCCS) facilitated by biochar-based fertilization, which sequesters carbon and reduces land demand by increasing crop yields. Applying the global biosphere model LPJmL with an enhanced representation of fast-growing species for PyCCS feedstock production, we calculated a land-neutral global NE potential of 0.20–1.10 GtCO2 year−1 assuming 74% of the biochar carbon remaining in the soil after 100 years (for + 10% yield increase; no potential for + 5%; 0.61–1.88 GtCO 2 year−1 for + 15%). The potential is primarily driven by the achiev- able yield increase and the management intensity of the biomass producing systems. NE production is estimated to be enhanced by + 200–270% if management intensity increases from a marginal to a moderate level. Furthermore, our results show sensitivity to process- specific biochar yields and carbon contents, producing a difference of + 40–75% between conservative assumptions and an optimized setting. Despite these challenges for making world-wide assumptions on LCN-PyCCS systems in modeling, our findings point to dis- crepancies between the large NE volumes calculated in demand-driven and economically optimized mitigation scenarios and the potentials from analyses focusing on supply-driven approaches that meet environmental and socioeconomic preconditions as delivered by LCN-PyCCS.