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Abstract

This chapter revisits a generalized framework based on an analogy with the economic theory of production functions for simultaneously describing urban emissions in terms of population and area along with possible interactions between these urban metrics. We show that this approach improves the description of empirical data related to emissions in the United States, revealing the coupled effect of urban population and area on emissions. In contrast with urban scaling approaches, these models suggest that variations in emissions associated with proportionate changes in population or density may not only depend on the magnitude of these changes but also on the initial values of these quantities.