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  The different stratospheric influence on cold-extremes in Eurasia and North America

Kretschmer, M., Cohen, J., Matthias, V., Runge, J., Coumou, D. (2018): The different stratospheric influence on cold-extremes in Eurasia and North America. - npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, 1, 44.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-018-0054-4

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Kretschmer, Marlene1, Author              
Cohen, J.2, Author
Matthias, Vivien1, Author              
Runge, J.2, Author
Coumou, Dim1, Author              
Affiliations:
1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, ou_persistent13              
2External Organizations, ou_persistent22              

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 Abstract: The stratospheric polar vortex can influence the tropospheric circulation and thereby winter weather in the mid-latitudes. Weak vortex states, often associated with sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), have been shown to increase the risk of cold-spells especially over Eurasia, but its role for North American winters is less clear. Using cluster analysis, we show that there are two dominant patterns of increased polar cap heights in the lower stratosphere. Both patterns represent a weak polar vortex but they are associated with different wave mechanisms and different regional tropospheric impacts. The first pattern is zonally symmetric and associated with absorbed upward-propagating wave activity, leading to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and cold-air outbreaks over northern Eurasia. This coupling mechanism is well-documented in the literature and is consistent with the downward migration of the northern annular mode (NAM). The second pattern is zonally asymmetric and linked to downward reflected planetary waves over Canada followed by a negative phase of the Western Pacific Oscillation (WPO) and cold-spells in Central Canada and the Great Lakes region. Causal effect network (CEN) analyses confirm the atmospheric pathways associated with this asymmetric pattern. Moreover, our findings suggest the reflective mechanism to be sensitive to the exact region of upward wave-activity fluxes and to be state-dependent on the strength of the vortex. Identifying the causal pathways that operate on weekly to monthly timescales can pave the way for improved sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting of cold spells in the mid-latitudes.

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 Dates: 2018
 Publication Status: Finally published
 Pages: -
 Publishing info: -
 Table of Contents: -
 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.1038/s41612-018-0054-4
PIKDOMAIN: Earth System Analysis - Research Domain I
eDoc: 8246
Research topic keyword: Atmosphere
Research topic keyword: Extremes
Model / method: Nonlinear Data Analysis
Model / method: Machine Learning
Regional keyword: North America
Regional keyword: Europe
Organisational keyword: RD1 - Earth System Analysis
Working Group: Earth System Modes of Operation
 Degree: -

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Title: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Source Genre: Journal, SCI, Scopus, oa
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 1 Sequence Number: 44 Start / End Page: - Identifier: Other: Springer Nature
Other: Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research (CECCR)
Other: 2397-3722
CoNE: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/cone/journals/resource/npj-climate-atmospheric-science