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  Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas

Therre, S., Fohlmeister, J., Fleitmann, D., Matter, A., Burns, S. J., Arps, J., Schröder-Ritzrau, A., Friedrich, R., Frank, N. (2020): Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas. - Climate of the Past, 16, 1, 409-421.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-409-2020

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Therre, Steffen1, Author
Fohlmeister, Jens2, Author              
Fleitmann, Dominik1, Author
Matter, Albert1, Author
Burns, Stephen J.1, Author
Arps, Jennifer1, Author
Schröder-Ritzrau, Andrea1, Author
Friedrich, Ronny1, Author
Frank, Norbert1, Author
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1External Organizations, ou_persistent22              
2Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, ou_persistent13              

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 Abstract: In this study, the dead carbon fraction (DCF) variations in stalagmite M1-5 from Socotra Island in the western Arabian Sea were investigated through a new set of high-precision U-series and radiocarbon (14C) dates. The data reveal an extreme case of very high and also climate-dependent DCF. For M1-5, an average DCF of 56.2±3.4 % is observed between 27 and 18 kyr BP. Such high DCF values indicate a high influence of aged soil organic matter (SOM) and nearly completely closed-system carbonate dissolution conditions. Towards the end of the last glacial period, decreasing Mg∕Ca ratios suggest an increase in precipitation which caused a marked change in the soil carbon cycling as indicated by sharply decreasing DCF. This is in contrast to the relation of soil infiltration and DCF as seen in stalagmites from temperate zones. For Socotra Island, which is influenced by the East African–Indian monsoon, we propose that more humid conditions and enhanced net infiltration after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) led to dense vegetation and thus lowered the DCF by increasing 14CO2 input into the soil zone. At the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) a sudden change in DCF towards much higher, and extremely variable, values is observed. Our study highlights the dramatic variability of soil carbon cycling processes and vegetation feedback on Socotra Island manifested in stalagmite DCF on both long-term trends and sub-centennial timescales, thus providing evidence for climate influence on stalagmite radiocarbon. This is of particular relevance for speleothem studies that aim to reconstruct past atmospheric 14C (e.g., for the purposes of 14C calibration), as these would rely on largely climate-independent soil carbon cycling above the cave.

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 Dates: 2020-02-282020
 Publication Status: Finally published
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 Rev. Type: Peer
 Identifiers: DOI: 10.5194/cp-16-409-2020
PIKDOMAIN: RD4 - Complexity Science
MDB-ID: No data to archive
Research topic keyword: Monsoon
Research topic keyword: Paleoclimate
Model / method: Nonlinear Data Analysis
Regional keyword: Africa
Organisational keyword: FutureLab - Artificial Intelligence in the Anthropocene
Organisational keyword: RD4 - Complexity Science
Working Group: Development of advanced time series analysis techniques
 Degree: -

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Title: Climate of the Past
Source Genre: Journal, SCI, Scopus, p3, oa
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Pages: - Volume / Issue: 16 (1) Sequence Number: - Start / End Page: 409 - 421 Identifier: CoNE: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/cone/journals/resource/journals78
Publisher: Copernicus