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Abstract

In many river basins worldwide, decision-making depends on limited data and information. Yet, decisions, like the planning of a new multi-purpose dam, must be taken relying on available data. The incorporation of socio-economic developments, climate or land use changes into this process remains a separate concern. Undoubtedly, authorities worldwide possess undisclosed data, which complicates scientific efforts. This study aims to address the challenges of developing a hydrological and water management model for the data-scarce and extensively managed Volta River Basin in West Africa. To overcome the limitations posed by sparse easily accessible observational data, a time- and resource-demanding data integration approach was applied using a diverse array of data sources covering various time periods, including manually digitized analog records from hydrological yearbooks, graphics, and other multilingual sources. This approach has been shown to enhance the spatio-temporal availability of data, thereby allowing for the optimization of model parameters to simulate the increasing impact of human intervention on river discharge. The incorporation of comprehensive data has enhanced the robustness of the model, where complex hydrological processes and water management dynamics are captured with greater accuracy. This would not have been possible if only the easily accessible data had been used.