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From Simulation to Sustainability: Using Forest Growth Models for Indicator-Based Bioeconomy Monitoring

Authors

Pfeiffer,  Mirjam
External Organizations;

Grote,  Rüdiger
External Organizations;

Rock,  Joachim
External Organizations;

Schelhaas,  Mart-Jan
External Organizations;

Huth,  Andreas
External Organizations;

Filipek,  Sara
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/Reyer

Reyer,  Christopher P. O.       
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

/persons/resource/Boris.Sakschewski

Sakschewski,  Boris       
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

/persons/resource/sarah.bereswill

Bereswill,  Sarah
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

/persons/resource/mahnken

Nieberg,  Mats       
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Hetzer,  Jessica
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Anders,  Tim
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Hickler,  Thomas
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Mäkelä,  Annikki
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Knapp,  Nikolai
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Hofer,  Anna
External Organizations;

Rammig,  Anja
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/thirza.vanlaar

van Laar,  Thirza       
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Vonderach,  Christian
External Organizations;

Böttcher,  Hannes
External Organizations;

Hennenberg,  Klaus
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Citation

Pfeiffer, M., Grote, R., Rock, J., Schelhaas, M.-J., Huth, A., Filipek, S., Reyer, C. P. O., Sakschewski, B., Bereswill, S., Nieberg, M., Hetzer, J., Anders, T., Hickler, T., Mäkelä, A., Knapp, N., Hofer, A., Rammig, A., van Laar, T., Vonderach, C., Böttcher, H., Hennenberg, K. (in press): From Simulation to Sustainability: Using Forest Growth Models for Indicator-Based Bioeconomy Monitoring. - Regional Environmental Change.


Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_33496
Abstract
The transition from a fossil-based economy to a bioeconomy (BE) is crucial for sustainable production and consumption. Yet, growing demand for bio-based resources challenges sustainability, underscoring the need for indicator-based monitoring. Forests play a central role by providing carbon sequestration, timber, biodiversity, habitats, and other ecosystem services but are vulnerable to overuse and conflicting management goals. This study proposes a framework for indicator-based BE monitoring in the German forest sector, combining empirical data with forest growth models (FGMs) to reconcile resource use with ecosystem protection and support policy development. The framework emphasizes ecological aspects and synergies among societal demands to optimize trade-offs between competing needs. Developed through literature review and expert consultations, the framework defines selection criteria ensuring concise, evidence-based indicators: they must (i) provide quantitative feedback on target achievement, (ii) draw on historical datasets, and (iii) be represented in FGMs for future projections. FGMs simulate interactions between management and ecological factors driving tree growth, mortality, disturbances, regeneration, and stand development. They track forest development via parameters assessing biomass, ecosystem state, and resilience. We identified 11 FGMs suitable for BE monitoring in Germany and propose five indicator groups: biomass carbon stocks, biodiversity, soil, water, and biomass extraction. Carbon and biomass indicators are well-integrated into FGMs, while biodiversity indicators remain only partially represented. Soil indicators are hampered by database gaps and process simplifications. Water indicators focus on drought stress quantification and require high temporal resolution process representation and meteorological input for accurate soil-plant-atmosphere interactions. These challenges highlight the need for further FGM development to improve and standardize indicator representation for BE monitoring.