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Journal Article

Ecosystem (dis)services matter for conservation policies: Insights from Nepal

Authors

Subedi,  Daya Raj
External Organizations;

Liu,  Qijing
External Organizations;

Bhuju,  Dinesh Raj
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/prajal.pradhan

Pradhan,  Prajal       
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

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Citation

Subedi, D. R., Liu, Q., Bhuju, D. R., Pradhan, P. (2025): Ecosystem (dis)services matter for conservation policies: Insights from Nepal. - Earth System Governance, 26, 100303.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2025.100303


Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_33773
Abstract
Ecosystem services have gained increasing policy relevance for their dual role in promoting biodiversity conservation and supporting human well-being. However, the integration of ecosystem services into conservation policies remains poorly understood. We examined how ecosystem services and disservices are incorporated into protected area policies in Nepal. A review of 111 laws and policies, supplemented by 19 expert interviews, was conducted. Our findings indicate gradual progress in integrating ecosystem services, both explicitly and implicitly, into conservation policies, with supporting and cultural services most frequently emphasized. In contrast, ecosystem disservices received minimal explicit recognition. Additionally, conservation policies increasingly align with corporate interests, often prioritizing commercial conservation initiatives over local community needs. Our Nepal case provides broader lessons for conservation policy and practice. Mainly, we highlight that ecosystem (dis)service integration is more robust when anchored in legally binding instruments, guided by pluralistic valuation approaches, and structured to protect indigenous and local communities.