Biodiversity implications of land-intensive carbon dioxide removal

Prütz, Ruben; Rogelj, Joeri; Ganti, Gaurav; Price, Jeff; Warren, Rachel; Forstenhäusler, Nicole; Wu, Yazhen; Augustynczik, Andrey Lessa Derci; Wögerer, Michael; Krisztin, Tamás; Havlík, Petr; Kraxner, Florian; Frank, Stefan; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Doelman, Jonathan C.; Daioglou, Vassilis; Humpenöder, Florian; Popp, Alexander; Fuss, Sabine

doi:10.1038/s41558-026-02557-5

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Biodiversity implications of land-intensive carbon dioxide removal

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/persons/resource/ruben.pruetz

Prütz, Ruben
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Rogelj, Joeri
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/gaurav.ganti

Ganti, Gaurav
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Price, Jeff
External Organizations;

Warren, Rachel
External Organizations;

Forstenhäusler, Nicole
External Organizations;

Wu, Yazhen
External Organizations;

Augustynczik, Andrey Lessa Derci
External Organizations;

Wögerer, Michael
External Organizations;

Krisztin, Tamás
External Organizations;

Havlík, Petr
External Organizations;

Kraxner, Florian
External Organizations;

Frank, Stefan
External Organizations;

Hasegawa, Tomoko
External Organizations;

Doelman, Jonathan C.
External Organizations;

Daioglou, Vassilis
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/Florian.Humpenoeder

Humpenöder, Florian
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

/persons/resource/Alexander.Popp

Popp, Alexander
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

/persons/resource/Sabine.Fuss

Fuss, Sabine
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

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Citation

Prütz, R., Rogelj, J., Ganti, G., Price, J., Warren, R., Forstenhäusler, N., Wu, Y., Augustynczik, A. L. D., Wögerer, M., Krisztin, T., Havlík, P., Kraxner, F., Frank, S., Hasegawa, T., Doelman, J. C., Daioglou, V., Humpenöder, F., Popp, A., Fuss, S. (2026 online): Biodiversity implications of land-intensive carbon dioxide removal. - Nature Climate Change.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02557-5

Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_34005

Abstract

Pathways consistent with global climate objectives typically deploy billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from land-intensive methods such as forestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Such large-scale deployment of land-intensive CDR may have negative consequences for biodiversity. Here we assess scenarios across five integrated assessment models and show that scenarios consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C allocate up to 13% of global areas of high biodiversity importance for land-intensive CDR. These overlaps are distributed unevenly, with higher shares in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the potential conflicts between climate action and biodiversity conservation is crucial. An illustrative analysis shows that if current biodiversity hotspots were protected from land-use change, over half the land allocated for forestation and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in the assessed scenarios would be unavailable unless synergies between climate and conservation goals are leveraged. Our analysis also indicates CDR-related biodiversity benefits due to avoided warming.