The risk of a hothouse Earth trajectory [Commentary]

Ripple , William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Rockström, Johan; Katherine, Richardson; Wunderling, Nico; Gregg, Jillian W.; Westerhold, Thomas; Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101565

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The risk of a hothouse Earth trajectory [Commentary]

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Ripple , William J.
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Wolf, Christopher
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Rockström, Johan
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Katherine, Richardson
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Wunderling, Nico
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Gregg, Jillian W.
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Westerhold, Thomas
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Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim
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Ripple, W. J., Wolf, C., Rockström, J., Katherine, R., Wunderling, N., Gregg, J. W., Westerhold, T., Schellnhuber, H. J. (2026 online): The risk of a hothouse Earth trajectory [Commentary]. - One Earth.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101565

Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_34023

Abstract

Earth’s climate is now departing from the stable conditions that supported human civilization for millennia. Crossing critical temperature thresholds may trigger self-reinforcing feedbacks and tipping dynamics that amplify warming and destabilize distant Earth system components. Uncertain tipping thresholds make precaution essential, as crossing them could commit the planet to a hothouse trajectory with long-lasting and potentially irreversible consequences.