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Holding the course in a shifting world: Annual Net-Zero Report 2025

Authors

van Vuuren,  Detlef
External Organizations;

Abduallah,  Ambiyah
External Organizations;

Agarwal,  Sanchit
External Organizations;

Aleluia Reis,  Lara
External Organizations;

Awais,  Muhammad
External Organizations;

Di Bella,  Alice
External Organizations;

Bosetti,  Valentina
External Organizations;

Brutschin,  Elina
External Organizations;

Campo Lombato,  Edoardo
External Organizations;

Charalampidis,  Ioannis
External Organizations;

Chaudhury,  Saswata
External Organizations;

Chen,  Wenying
External Organizations;

Crassier,  Constance
External Organizations;

Cró Maycock,  Stephen
External Organizations;

Dafnomilis,  Ioannis
External Organizations;

Dekker,  Mark
External Organizations;

Fragkiadakis,  Dimitris
External Organizations;

Gkampura,  Eleni-Christina
External Organizations;

Garg,  Amit
External Organizations;

He,  Chenmin
External Organizations;

Hooijschuur,  Elena
External Organizations;

Maheshwari,  Jyoti
External Organizations;

Manzoor,  Talha
External Organizations;

Mathur,  Ritu
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/Leonard.Missbach

Missbach,  Leonard
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Pachauri,  Shonali
External Organizations;

Pelz,  Setu
External Organizations;

Phuong,  Hoang
External Organizations;

Rathmann,  Régis
External Organizations;

Riahi,  Keywan
External Organizations;

Rocchi,  Paola
External Organizations;

Schaeffer,  Roberto
External Organizations;

Schmidt Tagomori,  Isabela
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/Jan.Steckel

Steckel,  Jan Christoph       
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

Solf,  Stephanie
External Organizations;

Sudharmma Vishwanathan,  Saritha
External Organizations;

Thanh Tu,  Tran
External Organizations;

Nguyen,  Vu
External Organizations;

Vrontisi,  Zoi
External Organizations;

Yang,  Lei
External Organizations;

Zhang,  Shu
External Organizations;

Zinkeviciute,  Gintare
External Organizations;

External Resource

https://www.elevate-climate.org/annual-net-zero-report
(Publisher version)

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Citation

van Vuuren, D., Abduallah, A., Agarwal, S., Aleluia Reis, L., Awais, M., Di Bella, A., Bosetti, V., Brutschin, E., Campo Lombato, E., Charalampidis, I., Chaudhury, S., Chen, W., Crassier, C., Cró Maycock, S., Dafnomilis, I., Dekker, M., Fragkiadakis, D., Gkampura, E.-C., Garg, A., He, C., Hooijschuur, E., Maheshwari, J., Manzoor, T., Mathur, R., Missbach, L., Pachauri, S., Pelz, S., Phuong, H., Rathmann, R., Riahi, K., Rocchi, P., Schaeffer, R., Schmidt Tagomori, I., Steckel, J. C., Solf, S., Sudharmma Vishwanathan, S., Thanh Tu, T., Nguyen, V., Vrontisi, Z., Yang, L., Zhang, S., Zinkeviciute, G. (2025): Holding the course in a shifting world: Annual Net-Zero Report 2025, The Hague : PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 50 p.


Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_33380
Abstract
The ELEVATE Annual Net-Zero Reports aim to provide policymakers with a clear, evidence-based understanding of where global efforts currently stand regarding achieving these goals, and how national and international climate policies can be strengthened to meet net-zero targets. This report specifically focuses on the current policies and new NDCs and long-terms goals vis-a-vis the need to reach net-zero emissions mid-century.
Key findings include:
• Current policies and NDCs still fall short of what is needed to meet the Paris Agreement. By the middle of the century, the emissions gap between current policies and trajectories consistent with a 1.5 °C pathway is around 39 GtCO₂e. The U.S.’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and the rollback of domestic climate policies could lead to an increase of approximately 1.2 GtCO₂e in 2050 current policies and 2.6 GtCO2 in 2050 when taking into account NDCs and long-term strategies, compared to last year’s assessment.
• While views on what constitutes fair and feasible reduction targets differ, it is still possible to derive a range of 2035 targets based on equity principles and global climate goals. In many cases, such targets would require strengthening of currently proposed NDCs.
• International cooperation is essential for meeting climate goals. The current geopolitical situation and trade barriers could slow down the climate transition. Global GHG emission pathways under various scenarios.