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Free keywords:
climate change, ocean biogeochemistry, tipping elements, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Pacific, North Atlantic, HNLC
Abstract:
A potential shutdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
(AMOC) is commonly recognised to have a significant impact on the Northern
hemispheric climate, notably in Northern Europe. The collapse of the northbound heat transport by the AMOC is supposed to cool down surface air temperatures at the Scandinavian coast by up to 6 K accompanied by a concomitant nutrient starvation of
phytoplankton in Subarctic and Arctic regions. However, besides local and regional impacts, tipping the AMOC into a weaker state by anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) and associated freshwater forcing could also have surprising remote effects.
In order to investigate possible long-term impacts of an AMOC shutdown on ocean biogeochemistry, we employ an Earth system model of intermediate complexity using idealised scenarios of century-scale atmospheric 2×CO2 and 4×CO2 pulses combined with North Atlantic freshwater forcing. The results show a continued increase in
primary production, in particular in the Eastern equatorial Pacific, due to a decrease in iron limitation following the AMOC shutdown. Tracer simulations indicate that
bioavailable dissolved iron brought by aeolian dust into the subtropical gyres of the Atlantic Ocean is transported to the Southern Ocean and from there enters the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Thereby, the additionally introduced iron fertilises the phosphate-rich high-nutrient, low chlorophyll waters, giving a lasting boost to phytoplankton growth, especially in the Eastern equatorial Pacific.
