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Zusammenfassung:
In this study, we analyze the effects of technology availability, political coor-
dination, and behavioral change on transformation pathways toward net-zero
greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union by 2050. We implemented an
iterative stakeholder dialogue to co-design the scenarios that were calculated
using a global multi-regional energy-economy-land-climate model. We find
that in scenarios without behavioral change and with restriction of technolo-
gies, the target of greenhouse gas neutrality in the European Union cannot be
reached. Already a target of 200 Mt CO2eq/yr requires CO2 prices above 100
€/tCO2 in 2030 across all sectors in all scenarios. The required CO2 price can
increase to up to 450 €/tCO2 by 2030 if technologies are constrained, if no
complementary regulatory measures are implemented, and if changes in
consumer behavior towards a more sustainable lifestyle do not materialize
