Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage 
and the Activation of the Brain’s Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia

Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana; Sergeev, Konstantin; Semenova, Nadezhda; Slepnev, Andrey; Karavaev, Anatoly; Hramkov, Alexey; Prokhorov, Mikhail; Borovkova, Ekaterina; Blokhina, Inna; Fedosov, Ivan; Shirokov, Alexander; Dubrovsky, Alexander; Terskov, Andrey; Manzhaeva, Maria; Krupnova, Valeria; Dmitrenko, Alexander; Zlatogorskaya, Daria; Adushkina, Viktoria; Evsukova, Arina; Tuzhilkin, Matvey; Elizarova, Inna; Ilyukov, Egor; Myagkov, Dmitry; Tuktarov, Dmitry; Kurths, Jürgen

doi:10.3390/biom13111605

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Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain’s Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia

Authors

Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Oxana
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Sergeev, Konstantin
External Organizations;

Semenova, Nadezhda
External Organizations;

Slepnev, Andrey
External Organizations;

Karavaev, Anatoly
External Organizations;

Hramkov, Alexey
External Organizations;

Prokhorov, Mikhail
External Organizations;

Borovkova, Ekaterina
External Organizations;

Blokhina, Inna
External Organizations;

Fedosov, Ivan
External Organizations;

Shirokov, Alexander
External Organizations;

Dubrovsky, Alexander
External Organizations;

Terskov, Andrey
External Organizations;

Manzhaeva, Maria
External Organizations;

Krupnova, Valeria
External Organizations;

Dmitrenko, Alexander
External Organizations;

Zlatogorskaya, Daria
External Organizations;

Adushkina, Viktoria
External Organizations;

Evsukova, Arina
External Organizations;

Tuzhilkin, Matvey
External Organizations;

Elizarova, Inna
External Organizations;

Ilyukov, Egor
External Organizations;

Myagkov, Dmitry
External Organizations;

Tuktarov, Dmitry
External Organizations;

/persons/resource/Juergen.Kurths

Kurths, Jürgen
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research;

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Citation

Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, O., Sergeev, K., Semenova, N., Slepnev, A., Karavaev, A., Hramkov, A., Prokhorov, M., Borovkova, E., Blokhina, I., Fedosov, I., Shirokov, A., Dubrovsky, A., Terskov, A., Manzhaeva, M., Krupnova, V., Dmitrenko, A., Zlatogorskaya, D., Adushkina, V., Evsukova, A., Tuzhilkin, M., Elizarova, I., Ilyukov, E., Myagkov, D., Tuktarov, D., Kurths, J. (2023): Machine Learning Technology for EEG-Forecast of the Blood–Brain Barrier Leakage and the Activation of the Brain’s Drainage System during Isoflurane Anesthesia. - Biomolecules, 13, 11, 1605.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111605

Cite as: https://publications.pik-potsdam.de/pubman/item/item_29324

Abstract

Anesthesia enables the painless performance of complex surgical procedures. However, the effects of anesthesia on the brain may not be limited only by its duration. Also, anesthetic agents may cause long-lasting changes in the brain. There is growing evidence that anesthesia can disrupt the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), leading to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. However, there are no widely used methods for real-time BBB monitoring during surgery. The development of technologies for an express diagnosis of the opening of the BBB (OBBB) is a challenge for reducing post-surgical/anesthesia consequences. In this study on male rats, we demonstrate a successful application of machine learning technology, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), to recognize the OBBB induced by isoflurane, which is widely used in surgery. The ANNs were trained on our previously presented data obtained on the sound-induced OBBB with an 85% testing accuracy. Using an optical and nonlinear analysis of the OBBB, we found that 1% isoflurane does not induce any changes in the BBB, while 4% isoflurane caused significant BBB leakage in all tested rats. Both 1% and 4% isoflurane stimulate the brain’s drainage system (BDS) in a dose-related manner. We show that ANNs can recognize the OBBB induced by 4% isoflurane in 57% of rats and BDS activation induced by 1% isoflurane in 81% of rats. These results open new perspectives for the development of clinically significant bedside technologies for EEG-monitoring of OBBB and BDS.